【Testing】Spring-DJ's Blog

#【Testing】Spring

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)

@SpringBootTest

@TestPropertySource

@TestPropertySource是一个类级别的注解，可以用来加载自定义配置文件。
默认情况下，@TestPropertySource会加载resource目录下面和测试类同包路径下面的类名.properties配置文件
也可以通过location属性来自定义配置文件地址和名称，properties属性来自定义某些配置属性的值

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = ClassUsingProperty.class)
// 自定义配置文件的地址，并且自定义某些配置属性的值
@TestPropertySource(locations = "/other-location.properties", properties = {"baeldung.testpropertysource.one=other-properties-value"})
public class PropertiesTestPropertySourceIntegrationTest {
    @Autowired[]()
    ClassUsingProperty classUsingProperty;
    @Test
        String output = classUsingProperty.retrievePropertyOne();
    public void givenDefaultTestPropertySource_whenVariableOneRetrieved_thenValueInDefaultFileReturned() {

        assertThat(output).isEqualTo("other-properties-value");
    }
}

@ContextConfiguration

@WebAppConfiguration

@MockMvc

MockMvc的局限

@TestConfiguration

静态内部类

@Import

@MockBean

@DataJpaTest

@DataJpaTest为测试持久层提供了一些标准的配置：

配置了一个内存数据库H2
配置了Hibernate，Spring Data，和对应的DataSource
执行了@EntityScan
打开SQL日志

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@DataJpaTest
public class EmployeeRepositoryIntegrationTest {

    /** 标准JPA EntityManager的替代，提供了很多方法用来操作实体 */
    @Autowired
    private TestEntityManager  entityManager;
    
    @Autowired
    private EmployeeRepository employeeRepository;
    
    /**
     * 测试EmployeeRepository的findAll方法
     */
    @Test
    public void givenSetOfEmployees_whenFindAll_thenReturnAllEmployees() {
        // given
        Employee alex = new Employee("alex");
        Employee ron = new Employee("ron");
        Employee bob = new Employee("bob");
        entityManager.persist(alex);
        entityManager.persist(bob);
        entityManager.persist(ron);
        entityManager.flush();
        // when
        List<Employee> allEmployees = employeeRepository.findAll();
        // then
        assertThat(allEmployees)
	        .hasSize(3)
	        .extracting(Employee::getName)
	        .containsOnly(alex.getName(), ron.getName(), bob.getName());
    }
}

@WebMvcTest

@WebMvcTest注解会为我们的单元测试自动配置Spring MVC的基础设施。
大部分情况下，@WebMvcTest注解将仅限于引导单个Controller。
@WebMvcTest还会自动配置MockMvc，所以在单元测试类中直接通过@Autowired注解来注入一个MockMvc

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@WebMvcTest(value = EmployeeRestController.class, excludeAutoConfiguration = SecurityAutoConfiguration.class)
public class EmployeeControllerIntegrationTest {

    @Autowired
    private MockMvc         mvc;

    @MockBean
    private EmployeeService service;
   
    /**
     * 测试EmployeeRestController的getAllEmployees方法
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @Test
    public void givenEmployees_whenGetEmployees_thenReturnJsonArray() throws Exception {
        // given
        Employee alex = new Employee("alex");
        Employee john = new Employee("john");
        Employee bob = new Employee("bob");
        List<Employee> allEmployees = Arrays.asList(alex, john, bob);
        given(service.getAllEmployees()).willReturn(allEmployees);
        // when
        ResultActions resultActions = mvc.perform(get("/api/employees").contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON));
        // then
        resultActions.andExpect(status().isOk())
	        // 打印接口请求和返回信息
	        .andDo(print())
	        .andExpect(jsonPath("$", hasSize(3)))
	        .andExpect(jsonPath("$[0].name", is(alex.getName())))
            .andExpect(jsonPath("$[1].name", is(john.getName())))
            .andExpect(jsonPath("$[2].name", is(bob.getName())));
        verify(service, times(1)).getAllEmployees();
        reset(service);
    }
}

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【Testing】Spring